Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis.

• A. Pyelonephritis
• B. Raynaud's disease
• C. Duodenum
• D. Phlebitis

Answer: (A)

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis is called pyelonephritis. The name breaks down into parts: “pyelo-” refers to the renal pelvis, “nephro-” to the kidney, and “-itis” means inflammation. So this term specifically denotes inflammation affecting both the kidney tissue and the renal pelvis, usually due to an infection that climbs up from the lower urinary tract.

The other terms point to different conditions: Raynaud's disease is a vascular condition affecting blood flow to fingers and toes; the duodenum is the first part of the small intestine; phlebitis is inflammation of a vein.