Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor.

• A. Nephrectomy
• B. Kidney Transplant
• C. Dialysis
• D. Lithotripsy

Answer: (B)

Replacing a diseased kidney with one from a compatible donor is a kidney transplant. In this procedure, a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is placed into the recipient, usually in the pelvic area. The surgeon connects the donor kidney to the recipient’s blood vessels and ureter to the bladder, and after surgery the patient takes medications to suppress the immune system so the body doesn’t reject the new organ.

This choice fits because the goal is to restore kidney function by introducing a healthy, functional kidney from another person. The other options are different procedures or therapies that don’t involve transplanting a donor kidney: removing a kidney is a nephrectomy, dialysis provides external filtration of blood when kidneys aren’t functioning but doesn’t involve placing a new organ, and lithotripsy uses shock waves to break kidney stones rather than replace kidney tissue.